Growth-linked sovereign bonds sound desirable in theory but have long been considered impossible in practice. Now a small group of investors, lawyers and trade bodies is working hard to turn the idea into reality. Danielle Myles reports.
When the G20 finance ministers met in July, they tasked the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with investigating the opportunities and challenges of state-contingent debt. Nestled halfway down the ministers’ list of 19 calls to action, this task is not their top priority. But the fact this suite of instruments has made it onto the international agenda at all could spark the next innovation in sovereign debt.
Among these state-contingent instruments – all of which promote greater risk-sharing between government issuers and investors – bonds linked to gross domestic product (GDP) are the most promising. Their underlying premise is that the issuer’s debt obligations grow and shrink in line with its economic growth. This discourages procyclical fiscal policies (by freeing up funds when growth is stagnant, and limiting spending during good times) and improves long-term debt sustainability.
Gathering momentum
Academics and economists have debated the concept since the 1980s but it has never led to any agreed formulation or parameters. There has been a handful of highly tailored and complicated instruments that include pay-offs contingent on GDP – most recently the warrants issued by Argentina (2005), Greece (2012) and Ukraine (2015) – but they have all been part of debt restructures. As a result, the concept has become synonymous with distress.









